Multiplication and Division

Understanding the concept

Multiplication combines equal groups. Division shares a quantity equally or finds how many groups of a given size fit. They are inverse operations.

Start by identifying the quantities and units. Use a small example to understand the idea before attempting larger calculations.

Step-by-step method

For word problems, identify the number of groups and items per group. Check division by multiplying the quotient by the divisor.

1. Read the question and underline what you must find.
2. Write down the given values and check their units.
3. Apply the relevant method one step at a time.
4. Estimate or reverse-check your answer before presenting it.

Quick-reference table

Use this reference to recognise common situations.

Four worked examples

Compare the different types of questions and the steps used to answer them.

Example 1: Buying packs

Question or method: Three packs contain eight batteries each.

Example 2: Sharing equally

Question or method: Divide 45 stickers between five people.

Example 3: Boxes

Question or method: Pack 38 items in boxes holding six.

Example 4: Unit price

Question or method: Five items cost $17.50.

Common mistakes

These errors are easy to make. Read each one and check your working.

• Confusing groups with items in each group.
• Ignoring remainders when whole containers are needed.
• Forgetting units or using the wrong operation.

Always ask whether your answer is reasonable for the original situation.

Practice questions

Try each question on paper before revealing the answer.

Review checklist

• Can you explain the key idea in your own words?
• Can you complete a worked example without looking at the solution?
• Can you identify a common mistake and correct it?
• Can you estimate whether your result is sensible?

Related lessons and tools

Continue with Everyday Maths lessons, or browse the CS17 Learning Centre. Where helpful, check calculations with the CS17 Calculator Workshop.